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Syllabus

Immunobiology — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology

What Immunobiology covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

39 questions28 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology · 2026-27

Topics in Immunobiology

1

Concept of Self and Non-Self

  • The immune system distinguishes between 'self' (the body's own cells) and 'non-self' (foreign substances like pathogens).
  • Immune response is triggered only against non-self components.
  • Failure to distinguish self from non-self can lead to autoimmune diseases.
2

Lines of Defence in the Body

  • First line: Physical and chemical barriers like skin, mucus, lysozyme in tears and saliva.
  • Second line: Innate immune responses including phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils), natural killer cells, inflammation, and fever.
  • Third line: Adaptive immune response involving lymphocytes (B and T cells) and antibodies.
3

Immune System: Organs and Cells

  • Primary lymphoid organs: Bone marrow (produces all blood cells) and Thymus (matures T-cells).
  • Secondary lymphoid organs: Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s patches, MALT—sites where immune responses are initiated.
  • Lymphocytes are of two types: B-cells (produce antibodies) and T-cells (regulate and destroy infected cells).
4

Antigens and Antibodies

  • Antigens are foreign molecules (usually proteins or large polysaccharides) that trigger immune response.
  • Epitope is the specific part of antigen that binds to antibody; paratope is the binding site on antibody.
  • Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are Y-shaped proteins produced by plasma cells derived from B-cells.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Immune System

ImmunityDefence MechanismsLymphoid OrgansImmune CellsAntigen and AntibodyTypes of Immune ResponsesVaccination and ImmunizationSelf vs Non-Self

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Immunobiology for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology?
Key topics in Immunobiology include Concept of Self and Non-Self, Lines of Defence in the Body, Immune System: Organs and Cells, Antigens and Antibodies. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Immunobiology for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 39 practice questions on Immunobiology. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology Syllabus

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