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Syllabus

Genetics and Society — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology

What Genetics and Society covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

49 questions25 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology · 2026-27

Topics in Genetics and Society

1

Gene Cloning and Gene Bank

  • Gene cloning is the process of producing multiple identical copies of a specific gene.
  • It uses recombinant DNA technology to insert a desired gene into a bacterial plasmid.
  • The bacteria multiply, creating a clone of cells carrying the same gene.
2

Recombinant DNA Technology

  • Also known as genetic engineering, it combines DNA from two different sources.
  • Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences; plasmids act as vectors.
  • Steps: Isolate gene → cut with restriction enzyme → insert into plasmid → transfer to bacteria → allow cloning.
3

Transgenic Organisms

  • Transgenic organisms have foreign genes inserted into their genome using genetic engineering.
  • Also called genetically modified (GM) organisms.
  • Examples: Bt cotton (pest-resistant), transgenic goats producing clotting protein in milk.
4

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

  • PCR is used to make millions of copies of a small DNA sample.
  • Uses DNA polymerase enzyme, especially Taq polymerase from heat-loving bacteria.
  • Steps: Denaturation (heating to separate strands), Annealing (cooling to attach primers), Extension (building new strands).

Key Concepts

Central concept: Genetics and Society

Gene CloningGene BankRecombinant DNA TechnologyGenetic EngineeringTransgenic OrganismsPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)DNA FingerprintingGenomics

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Genetics and Society for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology?
Key topics in Genetics and Society include Gene Cloning and Gene Bank, Recombinant DNA Technology, Transgenic Organisms, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Genetics and Society for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 49 practice questions on Genetics and Society. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology Syllabus

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