Photosynthesis
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
Complete topic list for Photosynthesis in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Photosynthesis
Significance of Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
- It is the primary source of organic matter for all living organisms.
- Oxygen released during photosynthesis supports aerobic respiration in most organisms.
Site and Pigments of Photosynthesis
- Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, mainly found in mesophyll cells of leaves.
- Thylakoids contain pigments like chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, and xanthophylls.
- Chlorophyll-a is the main pigment that traps light energy and drives the process.
Light Reaction (Photochemical Phase)
- Occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
- Requires light and involves Photosystem II (PSII) and Photosystem I (PSI).
- Water is split into oxygen, protons, and electrons in a process called photolysis.
Dark Reaction (Biosynthetic Phase / Calvin Cycle)
- Takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts and does not require light directly.
- Uses ATP and NADPH from light reaction to fix CO₂ into glucose.
- Main enzyme involved is RuBisCO (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase).
Key Concepts
Central concept: Photosynthesis
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