Human Diseases
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
Complete topic list for Human Diseases in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Human Diseases
Types of Diseases
- Disease is any condition that disrupts normal body function.
- Two main types: Congenital (present at birth) and Acquired (develop during life).
- Acquired diseases are further divided into communicable and non-communicable.
Communicable Diseases and Transmission
- Caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and worms.
- Spread through direct contact (touch, droplets, animal bites) or indirect means (vectors, water, air, objects).
- Vectors like mosquitoes and houseflies carry pathogens from host to host.
Major Infectious Diseases
- Influenza: Caused by virus, spreads via droplets, symptoms include fever, cough, body ache.
- Measles: Viral, highly contagious, causes rashes and fever.
- Polio: Viral, affects nervous system, can cause paralysis.
Non-Communicable Diseases
- Degenerative diseases: Due to organ malfunction, e.g., heart failure.
- Deficiency diseases: Caused by lack of nutrients, e.g., anemia (iron), beriberi (vitamin B1).
- Allergies: Overreaction of immune system to harmless substances like dust or pollen.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Disease
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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