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Syllabus

General Laboratory Equipment — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology

What General Laboratory Equipment covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

52 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology · 2026-27

Topics in General Laboratory Equipment

1

Incubator

  • An incubator is a temperature-controlled chamber used to maintain a constant temperature for various biological processes.
  • It has insulated walls, a heating unit, thermostat, and shelves for placing samples.
  • Used to keep paraffin wax molten (at 50–55°C), study enzyme activity at different temperatures, and dry insect specimens.
2

Autoclave

  • An autoclave is an electric device used to sterilize glassware, culture media, and instruments using high-pressure steam.
  • Works on the same principle as a pressure cooker.
  • Operates at about 121°C and 15 psi pressure for 15–20 minutes to kill all microbes, including spores.
3

Kymograph

  • A kymograph records physiological activities like muscle contractions and heartbeats.
  • Main parts: electric motor, rotating drum, muscle/heart mount, lever with pointer, and recording paper.
  • Muscle contraction pulls the lever down, creating a dip on the smoked paper wrapped around the drum.
4

Distillation Unit

  • Used to produce distilled water by removing salts and impurities through evaporation and condensation.
  • Main parts: distilling flask, Leibig’s condenser, adapter, and receiver (conical flask).
  • Steam from heated water condenses in the inner tube cooled by running water in the outer jacket.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Laboratory Instruments in Biology

IncubatorAutoclaveKymographDistillation UnitpH MeterColorimeterSpectrophotometerMicrotome

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in General Laboratory Equipment for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology?
Key topics in General Laboratory Equipment include Incubator, Autoclave, Kymograph, Distillation Unit. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise General Laboratory Equipment for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 52 practice questions on General Laboratory Equipment. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology Syllabus

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