General Laboratory Equipment
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
Complete topic list for General Laboratory Equipment in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in General Laboratory Equipment
Incubator
- An incubator is a temperature-controlled chamber used to maintain a constant temperature for various biological processes.
- It has insulated walls, a heating unit, thermostat, and shelves for placing samples.
- Used to keep paraffin wax molten (at 50–55°C), study enzyme activity at different temperatures, and dry insect specimens.
Autoclave
- An autoclave is an electric device used to sterilize glassware, culture media, and instruments using high-pressure steam.
- Works on the same principle as a pressure cooker.
- Operates at about 121°C and 15 psi pressure for 15–20 minutes to kill all microbes, including spores.
Kymograph
- A kymograph records physiological activities like muscle contractions and heartbeats.
- Main parts: electric motor, rotating drum, muscle/heart mount, lever with pointer, and recording paper.
- Muscle contraction pulls the lever down, creating a dip on the smoked paper wrapped around the drum.
Distillation Unit
- Used to produce distilled water by removing salts and impurities through evaporation and condensation.
- Main parts: distilling flask, Leibig’s condenser, adapter, and receiver (conical flask).
- Steam from heated water condenses in the inner tube cooled by running water in the outer jacket.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Laboratory Instruments in Biology
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