Hurticulture, Mushroom Culture and Hydroponics — Syllabus
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
What Hurticulture, Mushroom Culture and Hydroponics covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology: 3 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Hurticulture, Mushroom Culture and Hydroponics
Horticulture and Ornamental Plants
- Horticulture is the science of growing ornamental plants for decoration and commercial use.
- Ornamental plants are classified into trees, shrubs, climbers, bulbous plants, and indoor plants.
- Trees like Gul Mohar and Bottle Brush are grown for shade and beauty.
Mushroom Culture
- Mushrooms are edible fungi belonging to the kingdom Fungi.
- Common cultivated species in India: White Button, Paddy Straw, and Oyster mushrooms.
- Mushrooms are rich in protein (20–33%), vitamins (B, C, D), minerals (K, P, Na), and fiber.
Hydroponics
- Hydroponics is growing plants in nutrient-rich water without soil.
- Two main methods: Water Culture and Aggregate Culture.
- In water culture, roots are submerged in nutrient solution with air supply.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Modern Plant Cultivation Techniques
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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