Homeostasis
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
Complete topic list for Homeostasis in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Homeostasis
Concept of Homeostasis
- Homeostasis means 'maintaining a steady state' in the body.
- It ensures internal conditions like temperature, pH, water, and sugar levels remain stable.
- Examples include regulating water balance, blood sugar, pH, red blood cell count, and body temperature.
Thermoregulation and Its Importance
- Thermoregulation is the control of body temperature.
- Enzymes work best between 35–40°C; outside this range, they become inactive or denatured.
- Above 45°C: enzymes are destroyed, proteins denature, and cells may die.
Endotherms vs Ectotherms
- Endotherms (e.g., birds, mammals) generate internal heat to maintain body temperature.
- Ectotherms (e.g., frogs, fish, lizards) depend on external sources for body heat.
- Endotherms are also called warm-blooded or homeotherms.
Mechanism of Thermoregulation in Humans
- The hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat.
- It receives input from temperature sensors in the skin and blood.
- When body temperature drops: vasoconstriction, shivering, and postural changes reduce heat loss and increase heat production.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Homeostasis
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