Motion in a Straight Line
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Physics
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Define distance and state its nature as scalar or vector.
Answer
Distance is the total path length covered by an object during motion. It has only magnitude and no direction, so it is a scalar quantity.
What is displacement? How does it differ from distance?
Answer
Displacement is the shortest distance between initial and final positions of an object, with direction. Unlike distance (scalar), displacement is a vector quantity. For example, going 10 m east and re…
A body moves 60 m east and then 40 m west. What is the distance and displacement?
Answer
Total distance = 60 m + 40 m = 100 m. Displacement = 60 m (east) – 40 m (west) = +20 m (east). So, distance = 100 m, displacement = 20 m east.
Explain average speed and average velocity.
Answer
Average speed = Total distance / Total time (scalar). Average velocity = Displacement / Time (vector). If direction changes, average speed > magnitude of average velocity.
A car travels 120 m from O to P in 3 s, then returns 60 m to Q in 2 s. Find average speed and average velocity.
Answer
Total distance = 120 + 60 = 180 m Total time = 3 + 2 = 5 s Average speed = 180 / 5 = 36 m/s Displacement = 120 – 60 = 60 m Average velocity = 60 / 5 = 12 m/s…
When is average speed equal to the magnitude of average velocity?
Answer
When the object moves in a straight line without changing direction. In such cases, distance = magnitude of displacement.
What is instantaneous velocity?
Answer
Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object at a particular instant of time. It is the limit of average velocity as time interval approaches zero. Mathematically, v = dx/dt.
Define relative velocity. How is it calculated?
Answer
Relative velocity of B with respect to A is the rate at which B changes position relative to A. It is given by v_BA = v_B – v_A.
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