Structure of the Atom — Flashcards

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Most α-particles passed through the gold foil with little deflection, but a few were deflected at large angles (some even by 180°). This indicated that the positive charge and mass of the atom are con…

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In Thomson’s model, positive charge is spread uniformly. Such a diffuse charge cannot produce strong repulsive forces needed for large-angle deflections. Only a concentrated positive charge (nucleus) …

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1. Electrons revolve in stable orbits without radiating energy. 2. Only orbits where angular momentum = nh/2π are allowed. 3. Energy is emitted or absorbed when electrons jump between orbits: ΔE = hν.

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Formula: r₁ = (ε₀h²)/(πme²) Substitute values: m = 9.11×10⁻³¹ kg, e = 1.6×10⁻¹⁹ C, h = 6.626×10⁻³⁴ Js, ε₀ = 8.85×10⁻¹² C²/N·m² r₁ ≈ 5.3×10⁻¹¹ m = 0.53 Å…

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Using rₙ = n²a₀, where a₀ = 0.53 Å For n = 3: r₃ = 9 × 0.53 = 4.77 Å…

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Formula: vₙ = (Ze²)/(2ε₀nh) For hydrogen (Z=1), n=2: v₂ = (1.6×10⁻¹⁹)² / (2 × 8.85×10⁻¹² × 2 × 6.626×10⁻³⁴) ≈ 1.09×10⁶ m/s…

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Formula: Eₙ = -13.6/n² eV For n = 2: E₂ = -13.6 / 4 = -3.4 eV…

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E₁ = -13.6 eV, E₃ = -13.6/9 = -1.51 eV ΔE = E₃ - E₁ = (-1.51) - (-13.6) = 12.09 eV Photon energy = 12.09 eV…