Basics of Communication — Flashcards

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The three essential components are: 1. **Transmitter** – converts the message signal into a form suitable for transmission. 2. **Communication Channel** – the medium (like air or cable) through which …

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**Analog Signal**: A continuous signal that varies smoothly over time. Example: Human voice in air. **Digital Signal**: A discrete signal that takes only specific values (0 and 1). Example: Data stor…

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**Noise** refers to unwanted signals that interfere with the transmitted signal during communication. It can come from external sources (like electrical appliances) or internal components (like amplif…

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**Attenuation** is the loss of signal strength as it travels through a medium. It is overcome by using **amplifiers** at regular intervals to boost the signal strength during transmission.

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The optimum size of an antenna is at least λ/4, where λ is the wavelength. Given: f = 30 MHz = 30 × 10⁶ Hz Speed of light, c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s Step 1: λ = c / f = (3 × 10⁸) / (30 × 10⁶) = 10 m Step 2: A…

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Given: f = 98.6 MHz = 98.6 × 10⁶ Hz Speed of light, c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s Formula: λ = c / f Step 1: λ = (3 × 10⁸) / (98.6 × 10⁶) Step 2: λ = 300 / 98.6 ≈ 3.04 m Answer: 3.04 meters…

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Low-frequency signals require very large antennas (comparable to wavelength) and suffer high attenuation. High-frequency carrier waves have shorter wavelengths, allowing practical antenna sizes. They …

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**Modulation** is the process of superimposing a low-frequency information signal (like voice) onto a high-frequency carrier wave. It is necessary because: 1. Low-frequency signals cannot be transmit…