Biotechnology — Flashcards

Answer

Biotechnology is the industrial application of living organisms and their biological processes—such as biochemistry, microbiology, and genetic engineering—to produce useful products like food suppleme…

Answer

The term 'biotechnology' was first used by Karl Ereky in 1919. He used it to describe processes that convert raw materials into useful products using living organisms.

Answer

The word comes from two parts: 'bio' meaning life or biology, and 'technology' meaning the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. So, biotechnology means using biological systems …

Answer

Genetic engineering is the artificial manipulation of an organism's DNA to introduce new or altered traits. It involves inserting, deleting, or modifying genes in a controlled way. For example, insert…

Answer

Recombinant DNA is formed when DNA fragments from two different sources or species are combined in the laboratory and inserted into a host organism. For example, combining human insulin gene with bact…

Answer

The main goal is to alter genetic material outside an organism to obtain enhanced or desired characteristics in living organisms or their products. This includes producing useful proteins like insulin…

Answer

1. Isolation of the desired gene. 2. Insertion of the gene into a suitable vector (like a plasmid). 3. Introduction of the recombinant vector into a host cell (like E. coli). 4. Selection of transform…

Answer

A vector is a carrier molecule, usually a plasmid or virus, used to transfer recombinant DNA into a host cell. Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules found in bacteria that can replicate independen…