Nutrition and Digestion — Flashcards

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Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain and use food for growth, development, and maintenance. The chemicals in food are called nutrients. For example, humans take in food and break it down…

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Holozoic nutrition is when organisms ingest complex food, digest it internally, and absorb the nutrients. Example: Humans eat food like rice and digest it in the stomach and intestines.

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Saprotrophic nutrition is when organisms secrete enzymes onto dead organic matter, break it down, and absorb the nutrients. Example: Fungi like mushrooms growing on dead wood.

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Parasitic nutrition is when an organism lives on or inside a host and derives food at the host's expense. Example: Tapeworm (Taenia) lives in the human intestine and absorbs digested food.

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The five steps are: (i) Ingestion – taking in food, (ii) Digestion – breaking down food, (iii) Absorption – absorbing digested food into blood, (iv) Assimilation – using nutrients by cells, (v) Egesti…

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Intracellular digestion occurs inside the cell, e.g., in Amoeba where food is digested in food vacuoles. Extracellular digestion occurs outside cells in a cavity or tube, e.g., in humans where digesti…

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Ingestion is the process of taking food into the body. It includes chewing (mastication) and swallowing. For example, we ingest food through the mouth using teeth and tongue.

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Digestion is the breakdown of complex food molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into simpler forms like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids using enzymes. This occurs through mechanical …