Kingdom Planate and Animalia
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
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What are the general characteristics of Kingdom Plantae?
Answer
Kingdom Plantae includes multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that are autotrophs. Their cell walls are made of cellulose. The plant body may be thalloid or differentiated into root, st…
Name the three classes of algae and give one example each.
Answer
The three classes of algae are: 1. Chlorophyceae (Green algae) – e.g., Chlamydomonas 2. Phaeophyceae (Brown algae) – e.g., Laminaria 3. Rhodophyceae (Red algae) – e.g., Porphyra…
How do algae reproduce?
Answer
Algae reproduce by: - Vegetative: fragmentation - Asexual: spore formation - Sexual: fusion of gametes — isogamy (equal gametes, e.g., Spirogyra), anisogamy (unequal gametes), or oogamy (large non-mot…
Why are bryophytes called 'amphibians of the plant kingdom'?
Answer
Bryophytes live on land but need water for sexual reproduction because the male gametes (antherozoids) must swim to reach the egg in the archegonium. Thus, they depend on water for fertilization, just…
What is the dominant phase in the life cycle of bryophytes?
Answer
The dominant phase is the haploid gametophyte. It is independent, photosynthetic, and bears the sex organs — antheridia (male) and archegonia (female). The diploid sporophyte remains attached to and d…
Name the three classes of bryophytes with examples.
Answer
1. Hepaticopsida – Liverworts, e.g., Riccia, Marchantia 2. Anthocerotopsida – Hornworts, e.g., Anthoceros 3. Bryopsida – Mosses, e.g., Funaria, Sphagnum…
What are the key features of pteridophytes?
Answer
Pteridophytes are the first land plants with vascular tissues (xylem and phloem). The plant body is a sporophyte differentiated into root, stem, and leaves. They show alternation of generations. Spore…
Differentiate between homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes.
Answer
Homosporous pteridophytes produce one type of spore (e.g., Nephrolepis), which develops into a bisexual gametophyte. Heterosporous pteridophytes produce two types — microspores (male) and megaspores (…
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