Human Diseases

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A disease is any condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the body. It can be caused by pathogens, nutritional deficiencies, genetic disorders, or malfunctioning of organs. For example…

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Congenital diseases are present from birth and caused by genetic or metabolic abnormalities, e.g., Down’s syndrome. Acquired diseases develop during life due to infection, lifestyle, or environmental …

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Communicable diseases are infections that spread from one person to another through air, water, vectors, or direct contact. They are caused by pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Examples: Influenza (…

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Non-communicable diseases do not spread between people. They result from internal dysfunctions or lifestyle factors. Types include: (1) Degenerative diseases (e.g., heart failure), (2) Deficiency dise…

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A pathogen is any organism that causes disease, such as bacteria or viruses. A parasite lives on or inside a host and gets food and shelter, but may or may not cause disease. All pathogens are parasit…

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A vector is an organism that carries and transmits a pathogen from one host to another. Example: Female Anopheles mosquito is a vector for Plasmodium, the parasite causing malaria. It picks up the par…

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Infection occurs when pathogens like bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply, causing illness (e.g., influenza). Infestation refers to the presence of parasites on the body surface or in cloth…

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Droplet infection spreads when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or spits, releasing tiny droplets containing pathogens. These droplets are inhaled by a healthy person nearby. Diseases: Influenza an…