Mendel Experiments

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Gregor Johann Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics because he was the first scientist to explain the mechanism of inheritance through his experiments on garden pea plants. He discovered the funda…

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Heredity is the transmission of characters or traits from parents to their offspring. These traits are controlled by genes and are passed through gametes during reproduction. For example, eye color, h…

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Variation refers to the differences seen among individuals of the same species, even among siblings. It arises due to mutations and recombination of genes during meiosis and fertilization. For example…

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Mendel chose garden pea because: (1) it has a short life cycle, (2) it is easy to grow and maintain, (3) it has bisexual flowers with closed corolla, allowing controlled pollination, and (4) it shows …

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A monohybrid cross is a cross between two parents that differ in only one pair of contrasting traits. For example, crossing a tall pea plant with a dwarf pea plant to study the inheritance of height.

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In the F1 generation, all offspring were tall, even though one parent was dwarf. This showed that the tall trait was dominant over the dwarf trait. Genotypically, all were heterozygous (Tt).

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The phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is 3:1. This means 3 tall plants for every 1 dwarf plant when F1 hybrids (Tt) are self-pollinated.

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The genotypic ratio in the F2 generation is 1:2:1. This means 1 homozygous dominant (TT), 2 heterozygous (Tt), and 1 homozygous recessive (tt).