Photosynthesis

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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight to synthesize food (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water. Oxygen is released as a by-product. This process …

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The balanced equation is: $$ 6CO_2 + 12H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6H_2O + 6O_2 $$ Carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, produce glucose, water, and oxygen.

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Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts, which are green organelles found in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the pigment that captures light energy necessary for photosynthesis.

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The two main stages are: 1. Light-dependent reactions (occur in thylakoids) 2. Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle, occurs in stroma) The first stage captures light energy to make ATP and NADPH…

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Chlorophyll is the green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy from the sun, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths. This energy is used to drive the light-dependent reactions of photos…

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Other pigments include carotenoids (orange-yellow) and xanthophylls (yellow). These are accessory pigments that absorb different wavelengths of light and transfer energy to chlorophyll. They also prot…

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Photolysis is the light-dependent splitting of water molecules (H₂O) into protons (H⁺), electrons (e⁻), and oxygen (O₂). This occurs in Photosystem II during the light reaction. The electrons replace …

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The products are: - ATP (energy molecule) - NADPH (reducing agent) - O₂ (oxygen gas, released into atmosphere) These are produced in the thylakoid membranes using light energy and water.