The Kingdom Monera, Protista and Fungi
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
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What is the main characteristic that distinguishes Kingdom Monera from other kingdoms?
Answer
Kingdom Monera consists of prokaryotic organisms, meaning they lack a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. This makes it the only prokaryotic kingdom and the most primitive among all fi…
Define prokaryote.
Answer
A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Its genetic material lies freely in the cytoplasm in a region called the nucleoid. Example: Bacteria and…
Name the four shapes of bacteria with examples.
Answer
1. Coccus (spherical) – e.g., Staphylococcus<br>2. Bacillus (rod-shaped) – e.g., E. coli<br>3. Spirillum (spiral-shaped) – e.g., Spirillum minus<br>4. Vibrio (comma-shaped) – e.g., Vibrio cholerae…
What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?
Answer
The bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan, a rigid structure that provides shape and protection to the cell. This is a key feature distinguishing bacteria from other organisms.
Differentiate between pili and flagella in bacteria.
Answer
Pili are short, thin, hair-like structures used for attachment to surfaces and in conjugation (DNA transfer). Flagella are longer, whip-like structures used for locomotion. Both are made of protein bu…
What is the role of mesosomes in bacteria?
Answer
Mesosomes are infoldings of the plasma membrane in bacteria. They are involved in cellular respiration and may assist in DNA replication and cell division, though their exact function is still debated…
Where is the genetic material located in a bacterial cell?
Answer
The genetic material in bacteria is located in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. It consists of a single circular DNA molecule. Additionally, small circular DNA pieces called plasmids may…
Explain binary fission in bacteria.
Answer
Binary fission is the primary method of asexual reproduction in bacteria. The circular DNA replicates, and the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Under favorable conditions, this can occu…
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