The Kingdom Monera, Protista and Fungi — Flashcards

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Kingdom Monera consists of prokaryotic organisms, meaning they lack a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. This makes it the only prokaryotic kingdom and the most primitive among all fi…

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A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Its genetic material lies freely in the cytoplasm in a region called the nucleoid. Example: Bacteria and…

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1. Coccus (spherical) – e.g., Staphylococcus<br>2. Bacillus (rod-shaped) – e.g., E. coli<br>3. Spirillum (spiral-shaped) – e.g., Spirillum minus<br>4. Vibrio (comma-shaped) – e.g., Vibrio cholerae…

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The bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan, a rigid structure that provides shape and protection to the cell. This is a key feature distinguishing bacteria from other organisms.

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Pili are short, thin, hair-like structures used for attachment to surfaces and in conjugation (DNA transfer). Flagella are longer, whip-like structures used for locomotion. Both are made of protein bu…

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Mesosomes are infoldings of the plasma membrane in bacteria. They are involved in cellular respiration and may assist in DNA replication and cell division, though their exact function is still debated…

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The genetic material in bacteria is located in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. It consists of a single circular DNA molecule. Additionally, small circular DNA pieces called plasmids may…

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Binary fission is the primary method of asexual reproduction in bacteria. The circular DNA replicates, and the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Under favorable conditions, this can occu…