General Characteristics of the p-block Elements
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry
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What is the general outer electronic configuration of p-block elements?
Answer
The general outer electronic configuration of p-block elements is ns²np¹⁻⁶. This means that the last electron enters the p-orbital of the outermost shell.
Why does atomic size decrease across a period in p-block elements?
Answer
Atomic size decreases from left to right across a period because electrons are added to the same valence shell while the nuclear charge increases. This increases the effective nuclear pull on electron…
Write the balanced equation for the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with water.
Answer
SiCl₄(l) + 4H₂O(l) → Si(OH)₄(s) + 4HCl(aq) Silicon tetrachloride undergoes hydrolysis to form silicic acid and hydrochloric acid. This occurs because Si has vacant d-orbitals that can accept lone pai…
Calculate the effective nuclear charge (Z_eff) for carbon if its atomic number is 6 and shielding constant is 2.75.
Answer
Formula: Z_eff = Z − σ Given: Z = 6, σ = 2.75 Step 1: Z_eff = 6 − 2.75 = 3.25 Answer: 3.25…
Why is the first ionization enthalpy of oxygen lower than that of nitrogen?
Answer
Nitrogen has a half-filled p-orbital configuration (2p³), which is extra stable due to symmetry and exchange energy. Removing an electron from this stable configuration requires more energy. Oxygen ha…
Define electron gain enthalpy. Why is it less negative for fluorine than chlorine?
Answer
Electron gain enthalpy is the energy change when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom. Fluorine has a smaller atomic size than chlorine. The compact 2p subshell causes significant electron-e…
What happens when boron reacts with oxygen? Write the balanced chemical equation.
Answer
4B(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2B₂O₃(s) Boron burns in oxygen to form boron trioxide, a glassy solid. This reaction shows the non-metallic character of boron.
Arrange B, C, N, O in increasing order of ionization enthalpy.
Answer
Order: B < C < O < N Explanation: Ionization enthalpy generally increases across a period. However, N has higher IE than O due to its half-filled stability (2p³). B has the lowest as it has the larges…
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