Nomenclature and General Principles
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry
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What is catenation?
Answer
Catenation is the unique ability of carbon atoms to form long chains, rings, and networks by bonding with other carbon atoms. This property leads to the formation of a large number of organic compound…
Define homologous series with an example.
Answer
A homologous series is a group of compounds where each member differs from the next by a –CH₂– group. They have similar chemical properties and a general formula. Example: Alkanes (CₙH₂ₙ₊₂) — methane …
What is the IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃?
Answer
The compound has 4 carbon atoms in a straight chain and is saturated. Word root: But-, suffix: -ane. Therefore, the IUPAC name is butane.
Name the compound: CH₃–CH=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
Answer
The longest chain has 8 carbon atoms with a double bond at C₂. Suffix: -ene. Word root: Oct-. Numbering from left gives lower number to double bond. IUPAC name: Oct-2-ene.
What is the IUPAC name of CH₃C≡CH?
Answer
The compound has 3 carbon atoms with a triple bond at C₁. Suffix: -yne. Word root: Prop-. The triple bond gets lowest number. IUPAC name: Propyne.
Name the compound: 4-Ethyl-5-methylhex-2-ene
Answer
Parent chain: Hexene (6 carbons, double bond at C₂). Substituents: Ethyl at C₄, methyl at C₅. Structure: CH₃–CH=CH–CH(C₂H₅)–CH(CH₃)–CH₃.
Draw the structure of 2,3-dimethylbutane.
Answer
Parent chain: Butane (4 carbons). Methyl groups at C₂ and C₃. Structure: CH₃–CH(CH₃)–CH(CH₃)–CH₃.
What is the IUPAC name of cyclopentene?
Answer
The compound is a cyclic alkene with 5 carbon atoms and one double bond. Prefix: cyclo-, suffix: -ene. IUPAC name: Cyclopentene.
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