Compounds of Carbon Containing Nitrogen

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A primary amine has the general structure R-NH₂, where one alkyl or aryl group is attached to the nitrogen atom. For example, CH₃NH₂ (methanamine).

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Secondary amines have two alkyl/aryl groups bonded to nitrogen: R₂NH. Tertiary amines have three: R₃N. Example: (CH₃)₂NH is dimethylamine (2°), while (CH₃)₃N is trimethylamine (3°).

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Propan-1-amine. The longest carbon chain has 3 carbons (propane), and the -e is replaced with -amine. The amino group is on carbon 1.

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Benzenamine (IUPAC) or commonly known as aniline. It is an aromatic amine where the -NH₂ group is directly attached to the benzene ring.

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N-Ethyl-N-methylmethanamine. The longest chain is ethane, but the nitrogen has two methyl and one ethyl group. Use 'N-' prefix for substituents on nitrogen.

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4-Nitroaniline. The parent compound is aniline, and the nitro group is at position 4 (para).

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Methylaniline is called 2-methylaniline or o-toluidine. IUPAC name is 2-methylaniline, indicating a methyl group at ortho position relative to -NH₂.

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$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2Br + 2NH_3 \rightarrow CH_3CH_2NH_2 + NH_4Br}$$ This is a nucleophilic substitution. Excess ammonia prevents further alkylation to secondary or tertiary amines.