Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids — Flashcards
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry
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What is the IUPAC name of CH₃CHO?
Answer
The IUPAC name of CH₃CHO is Ethanal. The compound has a two-carbon chain with an aldehyde group (-CHO), so it is named by replacing the '-e' of ethane with '-al'.
What is the IUPAC name of CH₃COCH₃?
Answer
The IUPAC name of CH₃COCH₃ is Propanone. It has a three-carbon chain with a ketone group at carbon 2, so it is named by replacing the '-e' of propane with '-one'.
Give the structure and IUPAC name of benzaldehyde.
Answer
Benzaldehyde has a benzene ring attached to a -CHO group. Its IUPAC name is Benzenecarbaldehyde. Structure: C₆H₅CHO.
Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions?
Answer
Aldehydes are more reactive because: (1) They have only one electron-donating alkyl group, making the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. (2) The carbonyl carbon in aldehydes is less sterically hinder…
Explain the formation of cyanohydrin from acetaldehyde.
Answer
Acetaldehyde reacts with HCN to form 2-hydroxypropanenitrile (cyanohydrin): CH₃CHO + HCN → CH₃CH(OH)CN This is a nucleophilic addition reaction where CN⁻ attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon.
What happens when ethanal reacts with methanol in the presence of dry HCl?
Answer
Ethanal forms first a hemiacetal and then an acetal: CH₃CHO + CH₃OH → CH₃CH(OH)OCH₃ (hemiacetal) CH₃CH(OH)OCH₃ + CH₃OH → CH₃CH(OCH₃)₂ + H₂O (acetal) This reaction is acid-catalyzed and reversible.
How does formaldehyde react with ammonia?
Answer
Formaldehyde reacts with ammonia to form hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine): 6HCHO + 4NH₃ → (CH₂)₆N₄ + 6H₂O This is a condensation reaction used in medicine and as a urinary antiseptic.
What is the product when propanal undergoes aldol condensation?
Answer
Propanal undergoes aldol condensation in dilute NaOH to form 3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanal, which on heating gives 2-methylpent-2-enal: 2CH₃CH₂CHO → CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH(CH₃)CHO → CH₃CH₂C(=CHCH₃)CHO + H₂O Th…
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