Coordination Compounds — Flashcards

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A coordination compound consists of a central metal ion bonded to a fixed number of ions or molecules called ligands via coordinate bonds. Example: [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺, where Co³⁺ is the central ion and NH₃ …

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Double salts (e.g., Mohr’s salt, FeSO₄·(NH₄)₂SO₄·6H₂O) dissociate completely into ions in water. Complex compounds (e.g., K₄[Fe(CN)₆]) retain their identity in solution and dissociate into complex ion…

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1. Primary valency: Ionizable, satisfied by anions, corresponds to oxidation state. 2. Secondary valency: Non-ionizable, satisfied by ligands, corresponds to coordination number and has directional ch…

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A ligand is an ion or molecule that donates a pair of electrons to a metal ion. Examples: Monodentate – NH₃; Bidentate – ethylenediamine (en); Polydentate – EDTA (hexadentate).

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Coordination number is the number of donor atoms bonded to the central metal ion. In [Co(en)₃]³⁺, each en (ethylenediamine) is bidentate, so 3 × 2 = 6. Coordination number is 6.

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The coordination sphere includes the central metal ion and its directly attached ligands, enclosed in square brackets. Example: In [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄, [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ is the coordination sphere.

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Sum of oxidation states of all atoms equals the overall charge. Ligands have known charges (e.g., Cl⁻ = –1, CN⁻ = –1, NH₃ = 0). Solve for metal. Example: In [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻, let Fe = x. Then x + 6(–1) = –…

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Let oxidation state of Cr = x. NH₃ is neutral (0). Total charge = +3. So, x + 6(0) = +3 → x = +3. Oxidation state of Cr is +3.