Coordination Compounds
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry
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Define coordination compound with an example.
Answer
A coordination compound consists of a central metal ion bonded to a fixed number of ions or molecules called ligands via coordinate bonds. Example: [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺, where Co³⁺ is the central ion and NH₃ …
Differentiate between a double salt and a complex compound.
Answer
Double salts (e.g., Mohr’s salt, FeSO₄·(NH₄)₂SO₄·6H₂O) dissociate completely into ions in water. Complex compounds (e.g., K₄[Fe(CN)₆]) retain their identity in solution and dissociate into complex ion…
State the two types of valency in Werner’s theory.
Answer
1. Primary valency: Ionizable, satisfied by anions, corresponds to oxidation state. 2. Secondary valency: Non-ionizable, satisfied by ligands, corresponds to coordination number and has directional ch…
What is a ligand? Give one example each of monodentate, bidentate, and polydentate ligands.
Answer
A ligand is an ion or molecule that donates a pair of electrons to a metal ion. Examples: Monodentate – NH₃; Bidentate – ethylenediamine (en); Polydentate – EDTA (hexadentate).
Define coordination number. What is the coordination number of Co in [Co(en)₃]³⁺?
Answer
Coordination number is the number of donor atoms bonded to the central metal ion. In [Co(en)₃]³⁺, each en (ethylenediamine) is bidentate, so 3 × 2 = 6. Coordination number is 6.
What is the coordination sphere? Give an example.
Answer
The coordination sphere includes the central metal ion and its directly attached ligands, enclosed in square brackets. Example: In [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄, [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ is the coordination sphere.
How do you find the oxidation state of the central metal in a complex?
Answer
Sum of oxidation states of all atoms equals the overall charge. Ligands have known charges (e.g., Cl⁻ = –1, CN⁻ = –1, NH₃ = 0). Solve for metal. Example: In [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻, let Fe = x. Then x + 6(–1) = –…
Find the oxidation state of Cr in [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺.
Answer
Let oxidation state of Cr = x. NH₃ is neutral (0). Total charge = +3. So, x + 6(0) = +3 → x = +3. Oxidation state of Cr is +3.
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