Chemical Kinetics

Answer

The rate of a chemical reaction is the change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time. It is expressed as: $$ \text{Rate} = \frac{\Delta[\text{Concentration}]}{\Delta t} $$ Units: mo…

Answer

The rate of reaction is given by: $$ \text{Rate} = -\frac{1}{2}\frac{\Delta[NO]}{\Delta t} = -\frac{\Delta[Br_2]}{\Delta t} = +\frac{1}{2}\frac{\Delta[NOBr]}{\Delta t} $$ This accounts for stoichiom…

Answer

**Average Rate**: Change in concentration over a finite time interval: $\frac{\Delta[\text{A}]}{\Delta t}$. **Instantaneous Rate**: Rate at a specific moment, calculated as $\frac{d[A]}{dt}$, i.e., w…

Answer

Average rate expressions: $$ \text{Rate} = -\frac{1}{3}\frac{\Delta[H_2]}{\Delta t} = +\frac{1}{2}\frac{\Delta[NH_3]}{\Delta t} $$ This ensures the rate is consistent across all species.

Answer

Given: - $\Delta[N_2O_5] = 0.20 - 0.50 = -0.30$ mol/L - $\Delta t = 100$ s $$ \text{Average rate} = -\frac{\Delta[N_2O_5]}{\Delta t} = -\left(\frac{-0.30}{100}\right) = 0.003$ mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹ $$ Answer:…

Answer

Reactants decrease in concentration over time. The negative sign ensures the rate remains positive, as rate is always a positive quantity. Example: For $A \rightarrow B$, rate = $-\frac{d[A]}{dt}$, s…

Answer

Main factors are: 1. **Concentration of reactants** – Higher concentration increases collision frequency. 2. **Temperature** – Increasing temperature increases kinetic energy and effective collisions.

Answer

Rate law expresses the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the concentration of reactants raised to some power. For a reaction: $aA + bB \rightarrow \text{Products}$, $$ \text{Rate} = k[…