The Gaseous state

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Boyle's Law states that at constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. Mathematically: $$ V \propto \frac{1}{p} \quad \text{or} \quad p_1V_1 = …

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According to Boyle's Law, volume is inversely proportional to pressure. If pressure is doubled, volume becomes half of the original. Example: If initial volume = 4 L, final volume = 2 L.

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Using Boyle's Law: $ p_1V_1 = p_2V_2 $ Given: - $ p_1 = 0.5 $ atm - $ V_1 = 800 $ mL - $ p_2 = 1 $ atm - $ V_2 = ? $ $$ V_2 = \frac{p_1V_1}{p_2} = \frac{0.5 \times 800}{1} = 400 \text{ mL} $$ Answe…

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Charles' Law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. Mathematically: $$ V \propto T \quad \text{or} \quad \frac{V_1}{…

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To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273: $$ T(K) = t(°C) + 273 = 25 + 273 = 298 \text{ K} $$…

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Using Charles' Law: $ \frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2} $ Given: - $ V_1 = 2 $ L - $ T_1 = 300 $ K - $ T_2 = 450 $ K - $ V_2 = ? $ $$ V_2 = \frac{V_1 \times T_2}{T_1} = \frac{2 \times 450}{300} = 3 …

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Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature where the volume of an ideal gas becomes zero. - In Kelvin: 0 K - In Celsius: -273°C It is the theoretical limit; gases liquefy before reaching this …

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Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain equal number of molecules. Mathematically: $$ V \propto n \quad \text{(at constant T and P)} $$ w…