Magnetism and Magnetic Effect of Electric Current — Chapter Summary
NIOS · Class 12 · Physics
Summary of Magnetism and Magnetic Effect of Electric Current for NIOS Class 12 Physics. Key concepts: All magnets, Earth behaves as a giant and In 1820.
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Overview
Magnetism is one of the most fascinating phenomena in physics. From ancient Greeks who discovered that magnetite (Fe₃O₄) attracts iron, to Oersted's revolutionary discovery in 1820 that electric current produces magnetism, we have come a long way in understanding how electricity and magnetism are de
Key Concepts
All magnets
All magnets — natural or artificial — possess the following key properties: (1) Directive Property: A freely suspended bar magnet always aligns in the
Earth behaves as a giant magnet
Earth behaves as a giant magnet with its magnetic south pole near the geographic north pole. Three quantities completely describe Earth's magnetic fie
In 1820
In 1820, Hans Christian Oersted discovered that a compass needle deflects when placed near a current-carrying wire. This proved that electric current
Biot
Biot-Savart's Law gives the magnetic field dB produced at a point P due to a small current element I·dℓ of a current-carrying conductor. The formula i
Ampere's Circuital Law states
Ampere's Circuital Law states: The line integral of the magnetic field B around any closed loop (Amperian loop) equals μ₀ times the total current I en
Learning Objectives
- Define magnetic field (B) and state its SI unit — Tesla (T)
- List the three elements of Earth's magnetic field: Declination, Inclination (Dip), and Horizontal Component, and write the mathematical relations between them
- Describe Oersted's experiment and explain how electric current produces a magnetic field
- State Biot-Savart's Law and apply it to find the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil carrying current
- State Ampere's Circuital Law and apply it to find the magnetic field due to an infinitely long straight wire, a solenoid, and a toroid
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