Wave Phenomena
NIOS · Class 12 · Physics
Flashcards for Wave Phenomena — NIOS Class 12 Physics. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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State the relation v = νλ and explain each term with its SI unit.
Answer
Formula: v = νλ Where: • v = velocity (speed) of the wave in m/s • ν = frequency of the wave in Hz (s⁻¹) • λ = wavelength in metres (m) Physical meaning: The wave travels a distance of one wavelengt…
A progressive harmonic wave is given by y = 10⁻⁴ sin(100πt − 0.1πx). Find its (i) frequency, (ii) wavelength, and (iii) wave velocity. (y and x in metres)
Answer
Step 1 — Compare with standard equation y = A sin(2πt/T − 2πx/λ): Given: y = 10⁻⁴ sin(100πt − 0.1πx) (i) Finding frequency: 2πν = 100π → ν = 50 Hz ✓ (ii) Finding wavelength: 2π/λ = 0.1π → λ = 2/0.1…
What is the propagation constant k? Write its formula, unit, and physical meaning.
Answer
Propagation Constant (k): Formula: k = 2π/λ Unit: rad/m (radians per metre) Physical meaning: k represents the phase change per unit distance (per metre) as the wave travels through the medium. Re…
Write the general equation of a simple harmonic wave travelling along the positive x-axis and explain each term.
Answer
General Equation: y(x, t) = a sin(ωt − kx) Where: • y = displacement of particle at position x at time t (in m) • a = amplitude (maximum displacement) in m • ω = 2πν = angular frequency in rad/s • k …
Differentiate between transverse and longitudinal waves. Give one example of each.
Answer
Transverse Waves: • Particle displacement is PERPENDICULAR to direction of propagation • Appear as crests and troughs • Travel only in SOLIDS or on surface of liquids • Example: Light waves, waves on …
Write Newton's formula for the velocity of sound in a gas. Calculate the speed of sound in air at STP using Newton's formula. (P = 1.01 × 10⁵ N/m², ρ = 1.29 kg/m³)
Answer
Newton's Formula: v = √(P/ρ) Assumption: Compression and rarefaction during sound propagation are ISOTHERMAL (constant temperature). Calculation at STP: Given: P = 1.01 × 10⁵ N/m², ρ = 1.29 kg/m³ v…
What is Laplace's correction? Write the corrected formula and verify it for air at STP.
Answer
Laplace's Correction: Laplace argued that sound propagation in air is ADIABATIC (not isothermal) because: 1. Air is a poor conductor of heat 2. Compressions/rarefactions happen too rapidly for heat ex…
At what temperature is the speed of sound in air DOUBLE its value at STP (273 K)?
Answer
Key Formula: v ∝ √T (from v = √(γRT/m)) Given: v' = 2v₀, T₀ = 273 K, find T Step 1 — Using the proportionality: v'/v₀ = √(T/T₀) Step 2 — Substitute: 2 = √(T/273) Step 3 — Square both sides: 4 = T/…
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