Motion in a Straight Line
NIOS · Class 12 · Physics
Flashcards for Motion in a Straight Line — NIOS Class 12 Physics. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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Get startedDefine distance and displacement. How are they different?
Answer
Distance is the total length of the path covered by a body - it is a scalar quantity (only magnitude). Displacement is the shortest distance between initial and final positions with a specific directi…
A runner completes one lap around a 400m circular track and returns to the starting point in 60 seconds. Calculate average speed and average velocity.
Answer
Given: Total distance = 400m, Displacement = 0m (returns to start), Time = 60s Average speed = Total distance / Time = 400m / 60s = 6.67 m/s Average velocity = Displacement / Time = 0m / 60s = 0 m/s K…
What is instantaneous velocity and how does it differ from average velocity?
Answer
Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object at a specific instant of time or at a particular point on its path. It is the limit of average velocity as the time interval approaches zero: v = li…
Two trains are moving towards each other on parallel tracks. Train A moves at 60 km/h north and Train B moves at 80 km/h south. What is the relative velocity of Train B with respect to Train A?
Answer
Taking north as positive direction: v_A = +60 km/h, v_B = -80 km/h Relative velocity v_BA = v_B - v_A = (-80) - (+60) = -140 km/h Alternatively, v_BA = |60| + |80| = 140 km/h (approaching) Answer: 140…
Define acceleration and explain what negative acceleration (deceleration) means physically.
Answer
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time: a = Δv/Δt. It is a vector quantity with SI unit m/s². Positive acceleration means velocity is increasing in the positive direction …
A bicycle starting from rest accelerates uniformly at 2 m/s² for 5 seconds. Calculate its final velocity.
Answer
Given: Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s, Acceleration (a) = 2 m/s², Time (t) = 5s Using first equation of motion: v = u + at v = 0 + (2 m/s²)(5s) v = 10 m/s Answer: The final velocity is 10 m/s…
A stone is dropped from a cliff and falls freely for 3 seconds. How far does it fall? (Take g = 10 m/s²)
Answer
Given: Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s, Time (t) = 3s, Acceleration (a) = g = 10 m/s² (downward) Using second equation of motion: s = ut + ½at² s = 0(3) + ½(10)(3)² s = 0 + ½(10)(9) s = 45 m Answer: The …
State the first equation of motion and explain when it is used.
Answer
First equation of motion: v = u + at Where: v = final velocity (m/s), u = initial velocity (m/s), a = acceleration (m/s²), t = time (s) Used when: You need to find final velocity when acceleration and…
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