Nuclear Fission and Fusion
NIOS · Class 12 · Physics
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Get startedWhat is a nuclear reaction? How is it different from a chemical reaction?
Answer
A NUCLEAR REACTION involves the interaction of atomic nuclei, leading to formation of new elements (transmutation). Energy involved: ~MeV range. A CHEMICAL REACTION involves rearrangement of valence …
State the four conservation laws for nuclear reactions.
Answer
In every nuclear reaction, the following quantities are CONSERVED: 1. MASS NUMBER (A): Sum of mass numbers of reactants = Sum of mass numbers of products Example: ⁴He + ¹⁴N → ¹⁷O + ¹H → 4+14 = 17+…
Complete the nuclear reaction: ₉F¹⁹ + ₁H¹ → ₈O¹⁶ + ? Identify the missing particle.
Answer
GIVEN: ₉F¹⁹ + ₁H¹ → ₈O¹⁶ + ? STEP 1 – Apply conservation of mass number (A): 19 + 1 = 16 + A_x A_x = 20 – 16 = 4 STEP 2 – Apply conservation of atomic number (Z): 9 + 1 = 8 + Z_x Z_x = 10 – 8 = 2 S…
Complete and identify the missing particle: ²⁷₁₃Al + ¹₀n → ? + ⁴₂He
Answer
GIVEN: ²⁷₁₃Al + ¹₀n → ? + ⁴₂He STEP 1 – Conservation of mass number (A): 27 + 1 = A_x + 4 A_x = 28 – 4 = 24 STEP 2 – Conservation of atomic number (Z): 13 + 0 = Z_x + 2 Z_x = 13 – 2 = 11 STEP 3 – I…
Calculate the energy released in: ¹⁰₅B + ²₁D → 3 ⁴₂He + Q Given: m(¹⁰B) = 10.01294 u, m(²D) = 2.014103 u, m(⁴He) = 4.002604 u
Answer
GIVEN: m(¹⁰B) = 10.01294 u m(²D) = 2.014103 u m(⁴He) = 4.002604 u 1 u = 931.5 MeV/c² STEP 1 – Total mass of REACTANTS: M_reactants = 10.01294 + 2.014103 = 12.027043 u STEP 2 – Total mass of PRODUCTS…
Why are neutrons the BEST projectiles for producing nuclear reactions compared to protons or alpha particles?
Answer
Neutrons are the BEST projectiles because: 1. NO ELECTRIC CHARGE: Neutrons are neutral particles (charge = 0) → They do NOT experience Coulomb repulsion from the positively charged nucleus → Ev…
What is Nuclear Fission? Write the equation for fission of U-235 and state the key observations.
Answer
NUCLEAR FISSION: The process in which a heavy nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei (fragments) when bombarded by a slow neutron, releasing enormous energy. KEY EQUATION: ²³⁵₉₂U + ¹₀n → ¹⁴¹₅₆Ba + ⁹²…
Who discovered nuclear fission and when? Describe the Liquid Drop Model of nuclear fission.
Answer
DISCOVERY: • 1938: Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann – showed barium (intermediate mass nucleus) is a product of neutron bombardment of Uranium • Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch – explained results using Li…
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