Gravitation — Flashcards
NIOS · Class 12 · Physics
35 flashcards for Gravitation (NIOS Class 12 Physics) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "State Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation."
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State Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation. Write its mathematical form.
Answer
Law: Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance bet…
Calculate the gravitational force between two masses of 50 kg and 60 kg separated by a distance of 1 m. (G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻²)
Answer
Given: • m₁ = 50 kg • m₂ = 60 kg • r = 1 m • G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻² Formula: F = G × m₁ × m₂ / r² Step 1: Substitute values F = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ × 50 × 60 / (1)² Step 2: Calculate numerator = 6.67 …
Why is the gravitational force between two people sitting in a classroom not felt, even though it exists?
Answer
Reason: The Universal Gravitational Constant G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻² is extremely small. Example: For two people of 60 kg each, 1 m apart: F = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ × 60 × 60 / 1² ≈ 2.4 × 10⁻⁷ N This forc…
The magnitude of gravitational force between two masses is F. What happens to F if: (i) Distance is doubled (masses unchanged) (ii) Each mass is doubled (distance unchanged) (iii) Both distance and ea
Answer
Formula: F = G × m₁ × m₂ / r² (i) Distance doubled (r → 2r), masses unchanged: F' = G × m₁ × m₂ / (2r)² = G × m₁ × m₂ / 4r² = F/4 → Force becomes ONE-FOURTH (ii) Each mass doubled (m₁ → 2m₁, m₂ → 2m…
Derive the formula for acceleration due to gravity (g) at Earth's surface.
Answer
Derivation: Step 1: Force of gravity on mass m at Earth's surface (radius R, mass M): F = G × M × m / R² ...(from Newton's Law) Step 2: From Newton's Second Law: F = m × g Step 3: Equating both ex…
Calculate the value of g at Earth's surface. Given: Mass of Earth = 5.97 × 10²⁴ kg, Radius of Earth = 6.371 × 10⁶ m, G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻²
Answer
Given: • M = 5.97 × 10²⁴ kg • R = 6.371 × 10⁶ m • G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻² Formula: g = GM / R² Step 1: Calculate R² R² = (6.371 × 10⁶)² = 40.59 × 10¹² = 4.059 × 10¹³ m² Step 2: Calculate GM GM =…
Calculate acceleration due to gravity on the Moon's surface. Given: Mass of Moon = 7.3 × 10²² kg, Radius of Moon = 1.74 × 10⁶ m, G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻²
Answer
Given: • M_moon = 7.3 × 10²² kg • R_moon = 1.74 × 10⁶ m • G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻² Formula: g_moon = G × M_moon / R_moon² Step 1: Calculate R_moon² R_moon² = (1.74 × 10⁶)² = 3.0276 × 10¹² m² Step…
Derive the formula for g at height h above Earth's surface. Under what condition can we use the approximate formula?
Answer
Exact formula derivation: At height h, distance from center = (R + h) g_h = GM / (R + h)² = GM / R² × 1/(1 + h/R)² g_h = g / (1 + h/R)² ...(Exact formula) Approximate formula (when h << R): Expand…
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