Acids, Bases and Salts — Flashcards

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An acid is a substance which furnishes hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Acids turn blue litmus red and can conduct electricity in aqueous solution.

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A base is a substance which furnishes hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. Bases turn red litmus blue and can conduct electricity in aqueous solution.

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Water helps acids and bases dissociate into ions. Dry HCl gas does not change dry blue litmus, and dry solid NaOH does not show basic nature until it absorbs moisture. So water is needed for free ions…

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Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas can be confirmed by the pop sound when a burning matchstick is brought near it. Example: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2.

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Acid + metal carbonate or hydrogen carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide turns lime water milky. Excess carbon dioxide makes the milkiness disappear due to soluble calcium hydr…

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Carbon dioxide reacts with lime water to form white calcium carbonate, which makes it milky. When excess carbon dioxide is passed, the calcium carbonate changes into soluble calcium hydrogen carbonate…

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Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water. Example: CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O. The black copper oxide dissolves and the solution becomes bluish green.

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Neutralization is the reaction of an acid with a base to form salt and water. Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O. This reaction reduces acidic and basic properties.