Motion and Its Description

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Motion is a continuous change in the position of an object with respect to the observer. An object can be at rest for one observer and in motion for another, so motion is relative.

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Relative motion means the motion of an object depends on the observer. A moving bus may seem at rest to a person inside another bus moving side by side at the same speed, but it is still moving with r…

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A person on the bank can see boats approaching, vehicles crossing a bridge, cattle moving away, birds flying, and the moon rising. These changing positions show motion in different forms around the ob…

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Motion in a straight line is called rectilinear motion. A ball rolling on a horizontal surface, a stone falling by hand, and a runner on a 100 m track are examples of rectilinear motion.

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Motion along a circular path is called circular motion. The motion of the hands of a clock, a child on a merry-go-round, and blades of an electric fan are examples of circular motion.

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Motion to and fro about a fixed position is called oscillatory motion. Branches of a tree, a swing, and the pendulum of a wall clock show oscillatory motion.

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The length of the path followed by an object is called distance. Distance depends on the path taken, so different paths between the same points can give different distances.

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The change in position of an object is called displacement. It is the shortest distance between the initial and final positions, with direction from start to finish.