Magnetic Effect of Electric Current

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Magnetism is the property of attraction of small particles of iron towards lodestone. Lodestone is a natural magnet and is an oxide of iron, Fe3O4.

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A freely suspended magnet rests in the north-south direction because the Earth acts like a giant magnet. The magnet aligns itself with Earth's magnetic field.

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The end of a freely suspended magnet that points north is the North Pole, and the end that points south is the South Pole. These poles cannot be separated even if the magnet is broken into pieces.

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Like poles such as north-north or south-south repel each other, while unlike poles attract. This is a basic property of magnets and is used in many magnetic devices.

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Each piece still behaves like a magnet with both north and south poles. The poles of a magnet cannot be separated.

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A magnetic field is the region around a magnet where a magnetic needle feels force and changes direction. The field is stronger near the poles.

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Magnetic field lines show the direction of the magnetic field. If two lines intersected, the needle at that point would have two directions at the same time, which is not possible.

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Place a magnetic needle near a current-carrying wire. When current flows, the needle deflects. This shows that a magnetic field is produced around the wire.